What is Science & Scientific Temperament

Science

The word science is taken from the Latin word "Scientia" which means 'knowledge'. Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organized knowledge that can able to give a testable explanation and can predict the future and past of the universe. Here on the basis of above fact we can say that science is a special type of knowledge in which observation, background research, hypothesis, logical consequences, experimentation & conclusion involves within it.

The science is not mean about the subject like Physics, Chemistry, and mathematics, etc. Here the word prefers for all which is logically perfect have evidenced about happening something in this Universe like the rotation of the earth about its own axis.

Scientific temper

The genesis and development of the idea of the scientific temper are connected to ideas expressed earlier by Charles Darwin when he said"Freedom of thought is the best promoted by the gradual illumination of men's mind, which follows from the advance of science " and by Karl Marx when he said "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of the heartless world, and the soul of soulless condition. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happines of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions".The term "Scientific temper" was coined by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru (the First Prime Minister of Independent India) in his book Discovery of India.

Basically the word temper might be a disposition to develop the disorder but when we talk about scientific temperament it should not be treated as a disorder. Scientific temper is a way of thinking and acting which used scientific methods. The term scientific temper means that in it the questioning, observing physical phenomenon or reality, testing, hypothesizing.scientific temper described an attitude which involves the application of logic, the avoidance of bias and preconceived notion. Scientific temper describes the make up the person who view everything happens in this Universe with a scientific frame of reference 

Now we Define the term scientific temper

1. Scientific temper is a way of thinking.
2. It is logical and rational.
3. The way science is an important part of scientific temper (observation, hypothesis, experimentation, evidence-based). 
4. It has an argument, analysis, fairness, democratic values.
5. Scientific temper is the habit of coming to conclusions, making decisions based on evidence, reason, and logic.

The central component of Scientific temper and critical thinking

There are three central components of scientific and critical thinking 

1.  Empiricism: The use of empirical evidence.

2. Rationalism: The practice of logical reasoning.

3. Skepticism: Possessing a skeptical attitude.

Importance of scientific temper

The following are the importance of scientific temper 

1. In such a situation of social and cultural malaise, a major role of scientific temper is to revive confidence, hope & to dispel fatalistic outlook.
2. Scientific temper will lead to developing an attitude of questioning and reasoning in every citizen, such attitude boosts countries "techno-social development".
3. This is the surest way to obtain the correct explanation for unknown happenings.

How to build Scientific temper

The following are some ways to develop the scientific temper 

1. Allow them to ask questioning.
2. Allow them to seek out answers on their own.
3. To find logic and rationality behind the event.
4. The most important fact associated with a scientific temper is an untiring search for truth, but with an open mind and spirit of inquiry.