Domain Name System
The Domain Name is a unique name assigned to a Website. The largest use of DNS is on the Internet. Most organizations use domain names that are easy to remember. Each domain name ends with an identifier that tells us what type of website it is. A domain name always contains two or more components separated by a period, called DOTS. It is divided into three different sections:-
GENERIC DOMAIN:- The first level in the generic domain section allows seven possible three-character labels. These labels describe the organization types as listed below :
| LABEL |
DESCRIPTION |
| .com | Commercial Organization |
| .edu | Educational Institutions |
| .gov | Government Institutions |
| .int | International Organizations |
| .mil | Military Groups |
| .net | Network Support Centers |
| .org | Nonprofit Organizations |
RECENTLY, a few more first levels labels have been proposed. These are listed below:-
| LABEL | DESCRIPTION |
| .arts | Cultural Organizations |
| .firm | Business |
| .info | Information Service |
| .nom | Personal Nomenclature |
| .rec | Recreation/entertainment organizations |
| .store | Stores and Shops |
| .web | Web-Related Organization |
COUNTRY DOMAIN:- The country domain section follows the same format as the generic domains but uses two-character country abbreviations (e.g., "us" for the United States) in place of the three-character organizational abbreviations at the first level. Second level labels can be organizational, or they can be more specific national destinations. The United States, e.g., use state abbreviations as a sub-division of "us," e.g., ca for Canada, us for the United States, fr for France, au for Australia.
Inverse Domain:- The inverse domain is used to map an address to a name. This may happen, e.g., when a server has received a request from a client to do a task. Simultaneously, the server has a file containing a list of authorized clients; the server list only the client's IP address. To determine if the client is on the authorized clients, the server lists only the client's IP address. To determine if the client is on the authorized list, it can send a query to the DNS server and ask for a mapping of addresses to name.
DOMAIN NAME RESOLUTION:- Domain Name Resolution Refers to the process of obtaining a corresponding IP address from a Domain Name". IP addresses are needed for communication across networks. But, if we know the domain name across networks. But, if we know the domain name of a website and not the IP address, even then, we can communicate with it. The domain names are internally converted into IP addresses before communication starts. Websites are mostly accessed through their domain names because the domain names are much easier to memorize and recognize since a website is hosted on a computer and recognized. Since a website is hosted on a computer and to reach a memorize and recognize.
Since a website is hosted on a computer and reaches a website, its host computer must be reached. Therefore, the IP address of the computer is required.
WORKING OF DOMAIN NAME
RESOLUTION:- The Domain name resolution works by adopting the following steps:-
1. We have to enter the domain name in an application to reach there.
2. The application where the domain name has been typed issues a command to the operating system to provide the corresponding IP address of a given name
3. Operating System resolve the domain name as per its configuration, i.e., different operation.
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