Kodaikanal
Kodaikanal, often referred to as the "Princess of Hill Stations," is a charming town and hill station nestled in the Palani hills of the Western Ghats, located in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1845, Kodaikanal served as a sanctuary from the oppressive heat and tropical diseases of the plains during the summer. Perched at an altitude of 2,225 meters (7,300 feet), it has evolved into a major tourist destination, thriving on the hospitality industry catering to tourism. The city's population, as of the 2011 census, stood at 36,501.
Etymology
The name Kodaikanal is derived from the Tamil words "kodai," meaning "gift," and "kanal," meaning "forest," collectively translating to the "gift of the forest."
History
Historical references to Kodaikanal and the Palani hills can be traced back to Tamil Sangam literature. The region, associated with the Hindu god Murugan, is depicted as a forested area with lakes, waterfalls, and diverse flora. The hills were inhabited by the Palaiyar tribal people, engaged in activities such as hunting, honey harvesting, and millet cultivation.
In the early 19th century, British explorers, including Lieutenant B. S. Ward and botanist Robert Wight, documented the beauty and climate of the hills. Major J. M. Partridge of the Bombay Army established a residence in 1852, and the area gradually gained popularity as a summer retreat for American missionaries and European diplomats.
American missionary David Coit Scudder arrived in 1862, suggesting the formation of an artificial lake in 1863. Major J. M. Partridge introduced Australian eucalyptus and wattle trees, while Lt. Coaker created a path along the ridge in 1867. By the early 20th century, Kodaikanal had transformed into a town with essential amenities and became a favored summer destination during the British Raj. The Kodaikanal Observatory began observations in 1901, and the completion of the ghat road in 1914 further facilitated its accessibility.
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