Though it can also refer to a quality of a group of people, knowledge can also be viewed as a state that an individual possesses. This is known as group knowledge, social knowledge, or collective knowledge.[13] The phrase may also refer to information kept in documents, such as "knowledge housed in the library"[14] or an expert system's knowledge base.[15] Ignorance, which is associated with a lack of comprehension, education, and genuine views, is frequently contrasted with knowledge.[16] The Old English word cnawan, which dates back to the 12th century, is derived from the Old High German word gecnawan.[17]
There are numerous ways to produce knowledge. Perception, or using the senses to learn about the outside world, is the primary source of empirical knowledge. People can gain insight into their internal mental processes and states through introspection. Other sources of knowledge that have been addressed are witness, rational intuition, memory, and inference. Some of these sources are basic, according to foundationalism, in that they are able to support beliefs independently of other mental states. Coherentists dispute this assertion, arguing that knowledge requires a certain level of coherence across all of a believer's mental states. Infinitism holds that an infinite series of beliefs is required.
The primary field of study that looks into knowledge is epistemology. It investigates human knowledge and behavior.
Though it can also refer to a quality of a group of people, knowledge can also be viewed as a state that an individual possesses. This is known as group knowledge, social knowledge, or collective knowledge.[13] The phrase may also refer to information kept in documents, such as "knowledge housed in the library"[14] or an expert system's knowledge base.[15] Ignorance, which is associated with a lack of comprehension, education, and genuine views, is frequently contrasted with knowledge.[16]
The Old English word cnawan, which dates back to the 12th century, is derived from the Old High German word gecnawan.[17] Some foreign languages use many words to distinguish between the multiple meanings that an English word can have. For instance, Latin and French terms for "knowledge" are cognitio and scientia, respectively, whereas
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