Gravitational force or material gravity or gravitational force is the force that naturally attracts objects to each other and is directly proportional to the multiplication of their masses. Gravity is what causes objects to fall and gives them weight when they are dropped. Gravitational force is the force acting between any two objects in the universe. This force is the gravitational force that depends on the masses of objects. Among the fundamental forces, gravity is the weakest force. But it can operate over long distances in space. It is also referred to as 'gravitational force'. Gravity helps to bring things together that are separated and things that are together stay together. It thus contributes to the existence of the Earth, the Sun, and the vast array of materials in the universe.
to keep the earth and other planets in its orbit; For the moon to revolve around the earth; to form waves; Fluid flow depends on its rate of change of density and gravity; To generate more heat inside the forming stars and planets; And the force of gravity is also responsible for the location of various phenomena on Earth.
electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force are the four fundamental forces of nature. Modern physics explains gravity, the motion of all motionless objects, through Einstein's theory of general relativity. Newton's simple law of universal gravitation gives an accurate approximation at very high altitudes
Scientific revolution :
Contemporary work on the theory of gravitation was begun by Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In his famous (though unproven ) experiment, by dropping balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa and then carefully measuring the balls on inclines, Galileo showed that gravity accelerates all objects at the same rate. This overturned Aristotle's principle that heavier objects had faster growth. It is acknowledged that Galileo was correct that lighter objects fall more slowly through the atmosphere due to air resistance. Galileo's work helped develop Newton's theory of gravity.
In 1687, English mathematician Sir Isaac Newton published the Inverse Square Law of universal gravitation in the scientific journal Principia. In his own words, he found that "the force which causes the planets to revolve in their orbits is inversely proportional to their radius." And he applied this concept to the moon and the earth. He found that they almost coincided.
Newton's theory saw its greatest success when it was used to discover the existence of Neptune based on the movements of Uranus. It cannot be known through the actions of other planets. John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier predicted the planet's general position using calculations, and Johann Gottfried Galle discovered Neptune according to Le Verrier's calculation.
An anomaly in Mercury's orbit pointed out flaws in Newton's theory. By the end of the 19th century, it was known that the slight perturbation in its orbit could not be fully accounted for under Newton's theory, but all searches for another planet (one that orbits closer to the Sun than Mercury) proved fruitless. In 1915 this problem was solved by Albert Einstein's new general theory of relativity which accounted for small anomalies in Mercury's orbit.
Although Newton's theory has been debunked, modern calculations of relativistic gravity are made using Newton's theory, which is simpler than general relativity, and gives results accurate enough for most applications involving small enough weights, velocities, and energies. According to Newton's law of gravitation, the force of gravity is directly proportional to the product of masses and inversely proportional to twice the distance between them. That is, if m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects and r is the distance between them, then the gravitational force between the two objects is
F=Gm1m2/r2
G is the gravitational constant. Its value is 6.67 x 10−11 N m2 kg−2. According to the SI unit system, the unit of mass is kilogram (kg) and the unit of distance is meter (m) and the unit of force is newton (N).
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