Biotechnology:
What is it?
The application of biology to create novel goods, processes, and organisms with the goal of enhancing society and human health is known as biotechnology. Since the dawn of civilization, biotechnology—also known as biotech—has been around thanks to the domestication of plants, animals, and the discovery of fermentation.
Early biotech applications resulted in the creation of goods like vaccinations and bread. But over the past century, the field has changed dramatically in ways that allow scientists to work with the genetic architecture and biomolecular processes of living things. The following are some of the scientific and technological fields from which modern biotechnology draws:
Molecular Biology
biology and chemistry
genetic modification
genetics
nanotechnology
information
technology
The following areas have seen developments and breakthroughs as a result of this approach:
Biofuels that are sustainable, lowering waste and pollution; medications and treatments that prevent and treat disease; genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that enable more productive and economical agriculture.
The most common method used in modern biotechnology applications is genetic engineering, also referred to as recombinant DNA technology. In order for genetic engineering to function, genetic cell structures must be altered or changed. Animal and plant cells are made up of genes that code for the production of proteins. The traits of the organism are determined by those proteins.
Scientists can increase an organism's traits or develop a completely new organism by tinkering or changing its genes. Certain new and altered organisms might be advantageous to humans; for example, they might produce crops that are more drought-tolerant or have better yields. Furthermore, contentious advances like animal cloning and genetic manipulation are made possible by genetic engineering.
Applications and Uses of Biotechnology
The environment, medicine, industry, and agriculture are the four primary sectors in which modern biotechnology is used and commercialized.
Environmental biotechnology seeks to create waste- and pollution-reducing sustainable environmental practices.
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