Letknow Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes or sugar, is a group of metabolic diseases with prolonged high blood sugar levels. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased appetite. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications may include diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, leg ulcers, and eye damage. Insulin is a type of hormones that constitutes only one percent of the pancreas.
Insulin A normal pancreas consists of more than one million islands and each island has 40–100 beta cells. These cells measure blood glucose at a rate of 2 mg per 10 seconds. In one or one and a half minutes, beta cells provide the amount of insulin needed to maintain blood sugar levels normal. When there is no diabetes, it is almost impossible to raise blood sugar levels too high. Hence the supply of insulin is almost never exhausted. In addition, there are cells called alpha in the pancreas that produce an element called glycogen. Glycogen maintains blood-glucose levels normal by balancing the effects of insulin. The delta cells of the pancreas form an element called somatostatin that acts as a communication between insulin and glycogen. Due to diabetes, either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin. In general, it can also be said that sugar is controlled by alpha, beta, and delta cells, which is sugar by which the body gets energy. Beta cell measures glucose in insulin. Alpha cell converts sugars into glucose and glycogen and delta cells carry these to various parts of the body. Therefore, when the alpha cell dies, the delta cell starts sending the sugars directly to various organs, thereby increasing the amount of sugars in every organ of the human body, so due to non-conversion of sugars into energy, the body gets sufficient amount of energy. Unable to get the following symptoms Too much and frequent thirst frequent urination Constant hunger Blurred vision Feel tired Cause weight loss Wound healing or late wound healing Frequent urination or blood infection Itching or skin disease Headache Blurry
There are four main types of diabetes: Type 1 DM is the result of failure of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin. This form was previously known as "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes". The reason for this is unknown Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond properly to insulin. Insulin deficiency may also develop as the disease progresses. This form was previously known as "non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) or "adult-onset diabetes". The most common reason for this is excessive body weight and not enough exercise. Gestational diabetes is the third major form in which there is a high level of sugar in the blood, but not so much that it is called type-2 diabetes. If not taken care of, it can turn into type-2 diabetes within 10 years. Secondary diabetes can be corrected only by treating this type of diabetes, such as by discontinuing some medicines, treating the pituitary gland tumor. Tips— Symptoms in Type 1 Diabetes can develop quite rapidly (weeks or months). Symptoms in type 2 diabetes develop very slowly and the symptoms may be significantly reduced.
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