In Physic, Space-time is any mathematical model which fuses the three dimensions of space and one dimension of time into a single four-Dimensional continuum. space-time graph can be used vesualize relativistic effects, such as why different observes percieve where and when events occur differently.
Until the 20th century, it was assumed that theunivers three-dimensional geometry of the universe ( its spatial expression in term of co-ordinates, distances and directions) was independent of one-dimension time. However, in 1905 Albert Einstien based his seminal work on relativity on two pastulates.
- The laws of Physics are invariet (i.e, identrical) in all inertial frames (i.e., non-accelerating frame of refference)
The speed of light in vaccum is same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source.
The logical consequence to taking these pastulates toghether is the inseparable joining together of the four-dimensions--- hitherto assumed as independent-- of space and time. many counterintiuative consequency emerge: In addition to being independent of the motion of light source , the speed of light has same speed regarless the frame of refference in wich it is measured: The distance and even temporal pairing of events change when it measured in different inertial frames of refference (this is the relativity of simultaneity ) and the additive velocities no longer holds true.
Einstein framed his theory on the basis of kinametics (the study of moving bodies). His theory was a breakthrough over Lorentz's 1904 theory of Electromagnetic phenomenona and Poincare's electrodynamic theory . Although these theories included equations identical to those that Einstein introduced (i.e the Lorentz transformation), they were ad hoc for proposed to explain the various experiments--including the famous Michelson-morly Interferometer experiment-- that were extremly difficult to fit into paradigms.
In 1909, Hermann Minkowski--one of the Math Professor of a young Einstein zurish--presented the geometric interpretation of relativity that refuse time and three dimensions into a single four-dimension continuum now known as Minkowski Space.
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