Parthenium hysterophorus is locally known as Vayyari Bama, congress grass or carrot grass, the Nakshatra grass in India. Parthenium is a species of flowering plant, belongs to the Asteraceae family. The native of Parthenium is American tropics and it invades distributed land, Parthenium population more in Australia and African countries and also India. In India as per locality different name is available it migrated to India from America with wheat seeds.
Parthenium disturbing the plant diversity with bulk spreading, especially crop lands, plateau, surrounds of houses and sides of roads. Parthenium weed is not controlled by several well-known herbicides also and Parthenium affect more on agricultural crops and farmer. It is a nuisance on roadsides and railway tracks, vacant lands, wastelands, industrial areas, on the sides of an open drainage system and irrigation canals besides invading agricultural crops, orchards and forest area. In Indian lands more than 35 million hectare Parthenium invaded.
Harmful Effects:
Parthenium is dangerous weed and spreading very fast in grasslands, it generally piousness allergic, aggressive, very problematic weed. Parthenium weed one of the major source for dermatitis and other skin allergies, especially working in agricultural crop lands this Parthenium easily contact with the outer skin of the farmers easily it making allergenic actions.
Parthenium hysterophorus also causes the formation of many reactive toxic compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones, which becomes the basis of weed dermatitis.
Hay Fever: it is also known as Allergic rhinitis actually hay fever not a true fever it is a type of inflammation in the nose caused by swallowing of pollen grains of variety plants like Parthenium Hysterophorus, signs and symptoms include runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, watery eyes, itching, etc. Parthenium pollen grains ad species travel through air foe long distance and if breathing of grains of Parthenium creating lungs disorders, asthma and other respiratory tract infections. Parthenium inhibit the growth of nitrifying bacteria like Azotobacter and Rhizobium. Parthenium weed is noxious to live stocks in Animals loss of skin pigmentation, extreme salivation, mouth ulcers and diarrhoea has been observed.
Control Management:
Control of Parthenium is a serious challenge because it vigorously spreads naturally, immediate action required for animal and public health. Grazing management is a good technique for Parthenium control and manage in large scale and controlling of overgrazing useful for decreasing the Parthenium population. Burning is a common method for controlling the Parthenium population, making Parthenium compost also decreasing the spreading on grassland. Manually, Parthenium weed can be controlled by simple hand plucking but it’s not recommended due to the nature of Parthenium it might chance to serious health hazards. Generally, using with herbicides and chemical fertilizers and traditional pesticides are inhibiting the growth of Parthenium weeds.
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