Mesolithic, Neolithic Age & Harappan civilization of Ancient India

Mesolitithic Age 10000- 6000 B.C

- The  Mesolithic age began around 8000 B.C.

- It was the trasntional phase between the paleolithic age and the neolithic age.

- The Mesolithic tools are microlithic age.

- Blade, core , point, Triangle, Lunate, and trapeze are the main types of Mesolithic Tools.

- Important sites of Mesolithics age are Bagor, Langhraj, Sarai nahar rai and birbahanpur.

- sires like bhimbetka , adamgarh, and mirzapur are rich in mesolithic art.

 

Neolithic Age (6000-2500 B.C)

- The term "Neolithic" was coined by Sir "John Lubbock"in his book " Pre Historic Times"

- Neolithic men cultivated land and grew fruits and corn like raig and horse gram. They domesticated cattle, sheep, and goat.

- Important sites are Gufkaral, Burzahom, chirand, Mehargarh, piklihal.

- Chopani mando provides the earliest evidence of the use of pottery in the world.

 

Harappan civilisation

- It Extended from manda (Jammu) in north to daimabad in south.

-Major settlements are in the Ghaggar - Hakra belt.

- more than 1000 sites have been excavated.

- Copper , bronze, silver, gold were known but not iron.

- seals were made up of steatite.

-camels bones have been discovered at kalibangan, Banwali, Dholavira.

- At Kalibangan and Lothal fire alters have been discovered.

- Furrowed field has been discovered at kalibangan.

- Harappan Civilization was the first  urban civilization.

- Great bath is at Mohenjodaro.

- Their pottery was red and black pottery.

- The script was pictographic.

- The writing was boustrophedon.

- Bead making factory existed in Chanhudaro and lothal.

-Dholavira is the latest site discovered in india.

- Ink pot has been discovered at Chanhudaro.

-Cemetry H and R37 have been discovered at harappa.

- Terracotta Plough has been discovered at banwali

 

STONE - COPPER PHASE 

- This phase is also called as chalcolithic phase.

-It is characterised by the use of stone and copper.

- Chalcolithic people were not acquainted with burnt brick.

people used different types of pottery of which black and red ware was most popular.

- They worshipped Mother Goddess and Bull.

- They generally Lived in thatched houses.

 

 

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