How was the universe created

At a particular instant roughly 15 billion years ago, all the matter and energy we can observe, concentrated in a region smaller than a dime, began to expand and cool at an incredibly rapid rate. By the time the temperature had dropped to 100 million times that of the sun’s core, the forces of nature assumed their present properties, and the elementary particles known as quarks roamed freely in a sea of energy. When the universe had expanded an additional 1,000 times, all the matter we can measure filled a region the size of the solar system.                         At that time, the free quarks became confined in neutrons and protons. After the universe had grown by another factor of 1,000, protons and neutrons combined to form atomic nuclei, including most of the helium and deuterium present today. All of this occurred within the first minute of the expansion. Conditions were still too hot, however, for atomic nuclei to capture electrons. Neutral atoms appeared in abundance only after the expansion had continued for 300,000 years and the universe was 1,000 times smaller than it is now. The neutral atoms then began to coalesce into gas clouds, which later evolved into stars. By the time the universe had expanded to one fifth its present size, the stars had formed groups recognizable as young galaxies.             When the universe was half its present size, nuclear reactions in stars had produced most of the heavy elements from which terrestrial planets were made. Our solar system is relatively young: it formed five billion years ago when the universe was two thirds its present size. Over time, the formation of stars has consumed the supply of gas in galaxies, and hence the population of stars is waning. Fifteen billion years from now, stars like our sun will be relatively rare, making the universe a far less hospitable place for observers like us.                                     Our understanding of the genesis and evolution of the universe is one of the great achievements of 20th-century science. This knowledge comes from decades of innovative experiments and theories. Modern telescopes on the ground and in space detect the light from galaxies billions of light-years away, showing us what the universe looked like when it was young. Particle accelerators probe the basic physics of the high-energy environment of the early universe. Satellites detect the cosmic background radiation leftover from the early stages of expansion, providing an image of the universe on the largest scales we can observe.       What are the 3 types of the universe?         We will first consider the three most basic types. There are three possible shapes to the Universe; a flat Universe (Euclidean or zero curvature), a spherical or closed Universe (positive curvature) or a hyperbolic or open Universe (negative curvature).                                                 The most widely accepted hypothesis of planetary formation is known as the nebular hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that, 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System was formed by the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud spanning several light-years.                                   What are the three theories of the origin of the solar system?                     These are the Nebular Hypothesis of Laplace, the Hypothesis of Chamberlin and Moulton, and the Capture Theory of See. Darwin's theory of Tidal Friction is scarcely a distinct hypothesis but, is mentioned separately on account of its application to all the others.