Introduction.

What Is Obesity?

Obesity is a complex disease that includes a certain amount of body fat. It's a serious medical problem that gives rise to numerous other diseases such as blood pressure, cancers, diabetes, and heart diseases. Although there are behavioral, genetic, metabolic, and hormonal influences that cause obesity. But daily activities such as exercise, yoga, and sports are significant to burn these excessive calories. Obesity is only the extra fat body stores. Most people's diet intake is too heavy. They consume high-calorie beverages, fast food, and other things. These foods enhance hunger. And the body starts consuming more food. Inappropriate diet plans, anxiety, and mood swings. All of them increase the hunger and fear you with high body mass index. What are Genes? A gene is the basic functional and basic unit. Which is responsible for performing many functions. The main function of genes is to give instructions to the molecules. So, that these molecules can easily make up the proteins. But many genes do not code for the proteins therefore, they perform other essential functions. In humans’ genes vary in size and function. Also, humans have more than 25000 genes yet some of them are not discovered in detail.

Two School of Thoughts.

There are two schools of thought that give their perspective to the above questions. One of them is supporting that genes are responsible for causing obesity. Yet other researchers disclaimed that and they acknowledged certain environmental factors are responsible for causing this disease. But some of them agreed with both perspectives as they said that both genetic and epigenetic factors are responsible for causing obesity.

What Does Gene Do with Obesity?

Obesity is because of energy imbalance in an individual who takes more calories than daily energy requirement. Which also influences the physical and metabolic functions. Genomic research shows that genetic factors have an impact on people who are obese. Because of their previous family history. Or they are the major risk for the upcoming generations. The research compares the body mass index of people who have inherited factors and the people who suffer from environmental factors. This comparison shows that among young adult’s genetic factors are influenced more than epigenetic and environmental factors.

How Many Genes Are Responsible?

Most of the research shows that obesity inheritance pattern is because of alterations in a single gene. And all of them highlight the impact of the MCR4 gene. This gene encodes the melanocortin 4 receptors. However, changes in this gene affect the function of obese people. And make them obese. People who are suffering from affected genes show extreme hunger that ultimately loses their control while eating. Moreover, other researches show that at least nine genes are responsible for making people obese. Other researchers show that more than 50 genes are associated with obesity. But they have very little effect on suffering people. Process of Genes in Controlling Energy Balance: Human brain regulated food intake with the signals received from the pancreas, adipose tissues, and digestive system. After that signal is converted into hormones. These hormones include ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and others. Brain when receiving these signals starts instructing the body to eat more, eat less, or any alternatives. Therefore, genes are responsible for the proper guidance of food intake. Also, small alterations in these genes can have a great influence on their role and activity. FTO gene plays a significant role as it is highly expressed in the fat tissues. It was observed that FTO promotes the production of fat cells when high calorie diet is used. For this mice experiment was done. In which FTO gene was observed which produced fatter cell. It was observed that this gene was highly expressed in that mice Moreover, removal of this gene in other mice cause the least production of fat cells.

Epigenetics And Obesity.

Epigenetics is also reported for causing obesity. The epigenetic affect the gene function by modifying the DNA sequence. Histone modifications and DNA methylation affect the gene functions that are responsible for obesity. Many of the research studies show that environmental influences cause epigenetic variation thereby enhancing the risk of obesity. Specifically for obese mothers, there is a high risk that their children have obesity. Not because of the genetic factors but also epigenetic factors increase the probity of obesity. Potential coinage between the epigenetic and environmental factors has a potential influence on the expression of the gene. It increases the BMI normal individual. Moreover, genes that are responsible for making fat cells are because of epigenetic like DNA-demethylase enzyme activity in the FTO locus. Furthermore, in MC4R gene methylation is reduced because of the high-fat diet Therefore, epigenetic is the new concept that is highly involved in causing obesity. Detection of DNA methylation with tightrope sequencing, and the detection of histone modification. All of them make alterations in the normal gene. Ultimately affecting the activity and regulation of genes. And induced them to make more fat cells. As a Researcher my perspective about Genetics, Epigenetics, and Obesity: There is a huge role of genes in causing obesity. Certain types of genes imitate the production of fat cells store in adipose tissue. And this storage of fat imitates lethal diseases. But the fact is that this genetic alteration is because of epigenetic modifications. Such as DNA methylation and histone modifications change the sequences of DNA. That causes the overexpression of fat-causing genes. Hence engineman factors that induce the epigenetics factors, equally responsible for obesity. Moreover, junk foods, irregular diet, not controlling the food portions, lack of exercise is also responsible. However, if you have people in your family who prefer junk food you will develop the habit of eating junk. Also, if they take meals at late night, you can also adopt this habit. Furthermore, inheritance is also the core of this disease. Therefore, if you have a family history of obese people. And also, you are not following healthy meals with exercise. Your chance of obesity is increased that ultimately brings other diseases with it.

Conclusion.

Unfavorable changes in lifestyle and environment cause obesity. It is a serious medical problem that gives rise to numerous other diseases such as blood pressure, cancers, diabetes, and heart diseases. Obesity has a high prevalence worldwide. Specifically young age group is suffering from this disease. Moreover, it should be the time of an hour to have in-depth information about this disease. Therefore, we promote the intake of healthy meals that meet our body's requirements.