What are the different types of vegetation propagation?

Introduction

Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction, in which a portion of the fragment of the plant body functions as a propagule and develops into a new individual. Some plants can multiply by vegetative methods, which involve producing new plants without the action fertilization or sexual mating. Vegetative reproduction of plants is that form of plant reproduction. The unique individuals arise from any vegetative part of the parent (root, stem, leaf, etc.) and possess the parent plant's same characteristics. In man higher plants, vegetative reproduction takes place naturally by buds and bulbils, etc. In some bryophytes, vegetative reproduction takes place by rhizoids, gemmule, etc. In some algae like Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Oedogonium, etc., vegetative reproduction takes place by fragmentation.

Methods of vegetative reproduction

There are mainly two types of vegetative reproduction:

 

 

  • Natural vegetative reproduction

 

 

  • Artificial vegetative reproduction</li.

 

 

Natural vegetative reproduction

When vegetative reproduction occurs naturally from any part of the plant, it is called natural vegetative reproduction. Natural vegetative reproduction takes place through roots, stems, bulbs, corms, rhizome, tuber, runner, sucker, stolon, leaves, bulbils, etc.

Artificial vegetative reproduction

Various vegetative reproduction methods are human-made and rarely developed by plant growers and horticulturists for commercial production of crops from ancient times. Man creates several other forms of vegetative reproduction for fulfilling his purpose. They are called artificial methods. Some of the unnatural ways are as below:

Cutting

The small pieces of any plant part used for vegetative reproduction are called cuttings. Leaf-cutting of some plants is used to propagate Gloxinia, Bryophyllum, Begonia, etc. . stem cuttings mainly and rapidly propagate many other plants. Stem cuttings are most commonly used for artificial propagation. About 20-30 cm long stem pieces are planted in a natural position in the soil for proper sprouting. Sometimes the stem cuttings are treated with rooting hormone for appropriate development of roots.

Layering

In Layering, stem branches are chosen for propagation (layer) remain attached to the parent until it has produced adventitious roots. In Layering, the stem can bend (herbs), and the selected branch is bent down to the soil. Portion touching the ground is partially defoliated. An injury is made on it by cutting a shallow ring around (ringing) or by giving an oblique upward cut on bent portions of the layer at the node or providing a V-shaped cut at the lower side of the bent part of the coating. The injured party can be treated with auxins hormones to stimulate the formation of adventitious roots, e.g., Jasmine, Strawberry, and Clematis.

Grafting

Grafting is the most common method of vegetative reproduction. In grafting, parts of two plants are joined so that they grow like on the plant. Grafting is performed between the two closely related varieties of plants having vascular cambia. The plant of which the rooted supporting portion is to be taken is called stock, and the other of which shoot system or twig is to be used is known as scion. The supply of one plant is joined with the scion of another plant. Generally, the root system has a wild variety that is resistant to diseases and pests and possesses an efficient root system to absorb minerals and water. The scion is taken from that plant, which has better characters.

Gootee

Gootee is commonly employed in shrubs and trees that do not possess branches near the ground. In this method, a ring of bark is removed or girdled, or a slit at an upward angle is made at the base of an aerial branch. The encircled portion is then covered with moist moss or grafting clay and wrapped with a polythene sheet. The wrapped piece is called Gootee.

This encircled portion of the branch inside the Gootee develops roots within a month or two. Now the department is cut and planted in the soil after removing the polythene. This method is used in vegetative propagation of Litchi, Lemon, orange, Bouganvillia, etc. This method is also called air layering.

Inarching

In this method, low-quality plants are converted into high-quality plants. Scion is taken from high-quality plants and stock from the low-quality plant. Now scion is tied with the store. It is wrapped by grafting clay. After some time, both scion and stock get the fix to each other. This method is called inarching.

 

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