'POLLUTION' It is a common term that all students know and most of the people also. It is the most dangerous thing in the world. Pollution has become a major problem that the world faces today.
Pollution is the introduction of harmful material in the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activities, such as trash or run-off produce by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water and land
You all may have read about three types of pollution in your secondary school education. That is land pollution, water pollution and air pollution. But in this we will read more than three types of pollution. So thoroughly read all the paragraphs.
You all have seen pollution in your environment. And I am pretty sure that some of your activities also contribute to creating it. Maybe not by the intention of creating pollution. Like some of you have burned plastics, thermacoals, or wood may have thrown plastics, food wrappers in the road, or drainage—firecrackers at festivals, etc.
You have seen pollution in the form of garbage thrown on roadside, in form of black gases or toxic gases released in the air, and the dumping of spoiled garbage and corpses of animals in rivers, water streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
India ranked 3rd position and Bangladesh ranked 1st position in the term of creating pollution in the world. Major sources of pollutants generated in India are dust and construction, Industries, Waste burning, Transport, Diesel generator and Domestic cooking.
Due to the rapid increase in pollution, the Ozone layer is getting thinner and thinner and deleting because of these harmful UV rays entering the earth's surface and increasing unusual heat temperature. This became a serious problem on the international level.
TYPES OF POLLUTIONS :
Here we will talk about seven types of pollution on earth.
1. Land pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Air pollution
4. Light pollution
5. Noise pollution
6. Thermal pollution
7. Plastic pollution
LAND POLLUTION
It refers to the deterioration of earth surfaces, at and below ground level . It is caused by the accumulation of solid and liquid waste materials.
It leads to land degradation caused by the presence of xenobiotics or other changes in the natural soil. It contaminates the soil and groundwater, also soil loses its fertility.
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution refers to any change in the physical, chemical or biological properties of water that will have harmful effects on any living organisms .
This occurs due to toxic substances in contact with water bodies such as lake, river, pond, aquifers, streams, oceans, and so on, dissolved or mixed.
The main reason for this pollution is due to dumping or disposal of spoiled garbage, corpses of animals, chemicals and fertilizers drained by water into rivers, ponds, streams etc. Because of this drinking water became hazardous to drink.
AIR POLLUTION
It is a mixture of solid and liquid particles and certain hazardous gasses that are released directly in the air .
It occurs from car emission, toxic gasses or chemicals from industries, dust, construction area, pollen and mold spores. Due to this ozone layer get depleting. The major part of air pollution in cities is a toxic gas.
That's why heart and lungs patients are mushrooming and breathing problems like asthma, etc are common in cities.
NOISE POLLUTION
It is also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, it is a propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activities of human or animal life.
According to the world health organization (WHO) sound levels less than 70 db are not harmful to humans . The source of this pollution is mainly caused by the machines, transport, playing music on loudspeakers on high volume, horning of vehicles in traffic jams, propagation systems, etc.
It enormously damages the human health like causing hearing loss, raise in blood pressure and pulse rates, stress level, anxiety, low span of concentration, etc.
LIGHT POLLUTION
It is also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, It is an excessive, misdirected or invasive or unnecessary use of artificial outdoor lighting.
Some experiments done on insects, turtles, birds, fish, reptiles and other wildlife species show that light pollution can change behaviours, foraging areas and breeding cycles. Sea turtles provide one dramatic example of how artificial light on beaches can disturb behaviour.
It has a wide range of negative effects on human health such as disturbing our circadian rhythms, messing with our melatonin levels, and generally contributing to our sleeping disorders.
THERMAL POLLUTION
It is defined as a sudden increase or decrease in temperature of a natural body of water, which may be in the ocean, lake, river, or pond by human influence.
This normally occurs when a plant or facility takes water from a natural resource and puts it back with changed temperature. The effect of thermal pollution includes decreasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, which aquatic life requires, damage of larva and egg of fish in rivers, and killing some fish species.
Macroinvertebrates that have a limited tolerance for temperature change, and migration of entities. Some of the important sources of this pollution are nuclear power and electric power plants, crude oil, refineries, steel melting factories, coal fired power plants, industries.
which release large amounts of heat to the water bodies led to change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics.
Conclusion
From the above paragraphs, we came to know about pollutions, its sources, its effects on the environment and human health, and hazardous effects on living organisms.
I hope you all came to know about how humans pollute the environment directly and indirectly and put their life in danger .lets gain some more information on this and try to reduce the pollutants to give a healthy, better and pollution free environment to our future generation.
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