Benzene

Benzene

Benzene is a carbon compound having 6 carbon atoms which means it contains 6 protons or hydrogen atoms.

The chemical formula of benzene is C₆H_6.It contains three alternating double bonds.

Complexities or Facts

The double bonds of Benzene are not true double bonds. They are behave like more single bond. Because in general the distance between the C-C atom is 1.39A^°and the distance between the C=C is 1.34A^° but in Benzene the the distance between the Carbon atom is upto 1.37A^°so it is the factor and complexity in benzene so thats why its carbon atoms mostly behave like single bond. So because of the single bond behave benzene would undergo substitution reaction.

Substitution Reactions

Substituion Reactions are those reactions in which there is any sort of molecule which contains single bond or saturated compounds ( compounds which contain or which have single bond only) which reacts with electrophile (electrons loving) or with an nucleophile (nucleus loving) compounds for making bond with them.

Types of Substitution Reaction

Ther are two types of substitution reactions.

1.Electrophillic substitution

2.Nucleophillic substitution Electrophillic substitution :-

Electrophillic substitution is that in which electrons of the other compounds remove or transfer due to the electronegativity difference and that compound is removed from its place due to the attack of the electrophile is called electrophillic substitution reactions.

Nucleophilic substitution :-

Nucleophillic reactions are those in which a nucleophile attacks on the negative charge containing compound for its removal is called a nucleophillic substitution reactions.

:Molceules dont like to contain a negative charge. They were like to become nutral rather than containing a negative charge .

:Benzene have also containing some directirs or directing groups which guides the placement of E_{2 .}The director group is E_{1 which is attached to benzene which tells the placement or withdraws electrons from E}_{2 and it will direct}E₂at Meta. However if E1 is somebody who donate electrons then it will direct E₂at Ortho and Para.