1. STRAWBALES
Straw bales are used to create a home’s walls inside of a frame, replacing other building materials such as concrete, wood, gypsum, plaster, fiberglass, or stone. When properly sealed, straw bales naturally provide very high levels of insulation for a hot or cold climate and are not only affordable but sustainable as straw is a rapidly renewable resource. Designed to provide load-bearing structural support to a building, as well as lateral and shear resistance to wind.
2. BAMBOO
Bamboo is extensively used for the construction of walls and partitions. Bamboo can be utilized as a building material for scaffolding, bridges, houses, and buildings. Bamboo, like wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures. It comes with impressive tensile strength.
3. ASHCRETE
AshCrete is a substitute for traditional concrete that relies on the use of fly ash. Composed of about 97% recycled materials. Accrete is made from fly ash, bottom ash, borate, and a chemical from the chlorine family. Accrete so prepared demonstrated a lower density compared to normal aggregate concrete.
4. GLASSCRETE
It is a form of limecrete floor that incorporates GEOCELL Foam Glass gravel as the moisture-managing, insulating base. Locally available Sylhet sand and stone chip used as fine and coarse aggregate. Portland composite cement (PCC) has been used which contains clinker 65-79%, fly ash 21-35%, and gypsum 00-05%.
5. RAMMED EARTH
An ancient construction technique used to create structures in locations. As the name implies, rammed earth construction involves the use of compressed earth. The many advantages of building with rammed earth include superior thermal mass, temperature and noise control, strength and durability, low maintenance, fireproofing, load-bearing, and pest deterrence, as well as its beauty and the pleasure of building with natural and environmentally sound material.
6. HEMPCRETE
Hempcrete, also known as hemp-lime, is a bio-composite material that can be used in construction as an alternative to materials such as concrete and traditional insulation. The hemp has a high silica content, a unique property among natural fibers, which allows it to bond well with the lime. Hempcrete is very durable and has a number of other beneficial properties. It provides natural insulation that is airtight, breathable, and flexible. It is also toxin-free, impervious to mold and pests, and highly fire-resistant.
7. TIMBERCRETE
Timbercrete is a mix of concrete and sawmill waste, made into blocks, panels, and paving that can be used for any type of construction. Timbercrete offers a lighter, more flexible, and provides better thermal insulation. It is the most conventional building material and is 2.5 times lighter than concrete or clay, used in residential, industrial, commercial, and landscape projects.
8. MYCELLIUM
'Mycelium' is a network of interwoven, thread-like hyphae that constitute the vegetative part of mushrooms. Mycelium composites have customizable material properties based on their composition and manufacturing process and can replace foams, timber, and plastics. The mycelium brick is by far not as strong as a conventional brick – but then it is much lighter.
9. RECYCLED PLASTICS
Instead of mining, extracting, and milling new components, researchers are creating concrete that includes ground-up recycled plastics and trash, which not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions but reduces weight and provides a new use for landfill-clogging plastic waste.
10. FERROCK
Ferrock is created from waste steel dust (which would normally be thrown out) and silica. Ferrick is five times stronger than the typical Portland cement. This unique material actually absorbs and traps carbon dioxide as part of its drying and hardening process – making it not only less CO2 intensive than traditional concrete, but actually carbon neutral.
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